Understanding and Managing Hypertension: A Modern Family Doctor's Perspective
Overview
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a prevalent cardiovascular condition that poses significant health risks. This article, drawing from Chinese medical guidance, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of hypertension, including its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.
Diagnosis
Hypertension is characterized by elevated systemic arterial pressure. It is typically diagnosed when the systolic blood pressure (SBP) is ≥140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is ≥90 mmHg without the use of antihypertensive medications. The classification of blood pressure levels in China includes normal, normal high-value, hypertension, and various stages of severity.
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of hypertension include dizziness, headaches, fatigue, palpitations, blurred vision, tinnitus, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, frequent urination, and nosebleeds. However, these symptoms may not be present initially, leading to delayed diagnosis.
Diagnostic Tests
Basic diagnostic tests include blood and urine analyses, blood pressure measurements (including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring), electrocardiogram, and other specialized tests depending on the individual's condition.
Treatment
While there is no cure for hypertension, effective management can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and other complications.
General Treatment
Lifestyle modifications are crucial, including maintaining a healthy weight, reducing salt intake, exercising regularly, and managing stress.
Medications
Antihypertensive medications are commonly prescribed, including diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), alpha-1 receptor blockers, central nervous system depressants, and peripheral adrenergic inhibitors.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) focuses on holistic treatment and may include herbal remedies, dietary changes, and specific exercises.
Exercise
Regular physical activity, such as walking, cycling, and swimming, can help manage hypertension. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week.
Diet
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products can help control blood pressure. Foods high in calcium, potassium, and magnesium, such as bananas, oranges, leafy greens, and nuts, are particularly beneficial.
Prevention
Preventing hypertension involves adopting a healthy lifestyle early in life. Key preventive measures include maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, limiting salt and alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and managing stress.
Conclusion
Hypertension is a complex condition that requires a comprehensive approach for effective management. By understanding the risk factors, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and seeking appropriate medical care, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of hypertension and its associated complications.